• Caspi et al first identified that the COMT

  2020-05-06

  

  Caspi et al. (2005) first identified that the COMT polymorphism moderated the influence of adolescent cannabis use on developing adult psychosis (Caspi et al., 2005). In particular, compared to Met carriers, subjects with the Val/Val genotype were most likely to exhibit psychotic symptoms and to dev

• Some of the psychoactive actions of

  2020-05-06

  

  Some of the psychoactive actions of nicotine are mediated by the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic pathways (Di Chiara, 2000, Di Chiara et al., 2004). The nigrostriatal pathway originates in the dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra and terminates in the putamen and nucleus caudatus which

• The interferences between thapsigargin and forskolin induced

  2020-05-06

  

  The interferences between thapsigargin- and forskolin-induced Ca release indicate that these drugs deplete the same intracellular stores in RASMC. In fact, after partial depletion of thapsigargin-sensitive stores, the forskolin-induced increases in [Ca]c were significantly reduced. Similarly, a prev

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions br Acknow

  2020-05-06

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction Oxysterols came to prominence in the late 1970\'s with the oxysterol hypothesis which proposed that the suppressive effect of cholesterol on its own synthesis is mediated through oxysterols not by cholesterol itsel

• We also observed reduced insulinotropic effects after intrav

  2020-05-06

  

  We also observed reduced insulinotropic effects after intravenous administration of both GLP-1 and GIP with atropine, whereas no inhibition was observed by atropine of the direct effects of GLP-1 and GIP action on beta-cells in the islet experiments. This suggests that the reduction in circulating i

• The crystal structure of the

  2020-05-05

  

  The crystal structure of the B. subtilis Maf (BSU28050) was published in 2000, and, to date, it represents the only experimental work with a purified Maf protein (Minasov et al., 2000). The structure revealed a structural fold similar to that found in ITPases and YjjX proteins, which are nucleotide

• On the other hand p responds to environmental stress includi

  2020-05-05

  

  On the other hand, p38 responds to environmental stress, including ultraviolet light, heat, osmotic shock, and inflammatory cytokines (Pearson et al., 2001, Kumar et al., 2003), and is activated in astrocytes after ischemia-like injury (Yung and Tolkovsky, 2003, Niu et al., 2009). Moreover, p38 acti

• Although BPA has been proven to cause many

  2020-05-05

  

  Although BPA has been proven to cause many health issues such as obesity and neurological toxicity (Rubin, 2011), the effects and mechanisms of BPA on the human tumorigenesis and cancer development are still not well illustrated. In the present study, we found that 10 to 10M BPA significantly promot

• In addition to providing substantial insight

  2020-05-05

  

  In addition to providing substantial insight into substrate recognition, structural studies have revealed important details about mechanisms of glycosylation and HCF-1 cleavage [28,30,33]. Activation of the nucleotide-sugar is accomplished through interactions of the β-phosphate with the N-terminus

• Saito et al reported that d

  2020-05-05

  

  Saito et al. reported that diabetic bone has lower lysyl oxidase-derived enzymatic cross-links in collagen compared to non-diabetic bone, based on studies performed in a rat model [9]. Lysyl oxidase plays a pivotal role in bone development and function, as revealed in classical studies [10], [11]. L

• Air trapping at the small

  2020-05-05

  

  Air-trapping at the small airways is related to severe SB 265610 (Bjermer, 2014), and acute exacerbation (Mahut et al., 2010). Although asthma patients are generally treated with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) or with ICS and long-acting β2 agonist (LABA), the efficacy of such treatment depends on dr

• With respect to bone metabolism and

  2020-05-05

  

  With respect to ‘bone metabolism and ossification’-related genes, treatment of SaOS-2 osteoblast-like L 012 sodium salt synthesis with MS-10 up-regulated IGFBP-4, TG2, and SOST. Up-regulation of IGFBP-4 in SaOS-2 cells inhibits DNA and protein synthesis induced by IGF-1 (Kudo et al., 1995, Kudo et

• TRAF and TRAF were initially

  2020-05-05

  

  TRAF1 and TRAF2 were initially identified as tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNRF2)-associated components, TRAF4 was overexpressed in breast carcinoma cells, whereas TRAF3, TRAF5 and TRAF6 were discovered by their interaction with specific domains in the cytoplasmic tails of trans-membrane recepto

• External factors such as protein partners

  2020-05-05

  

  External factors, such as protein partners, can also activate DUBs by either reinforcing the stimulatory effects of intramolecular factors or by other means. The intramolecular activation of the USP7 CD by its HUBL domain is allosterically potentiated by external factor GMP synthase (GMPS), which co

• Colony stimulating factor receptor CSF

  2020-05-05

  

  Colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R or cFMS) is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase. It is activated by binding with CSF-1 and IL-34, which stimulates differentiation, proliferation, survival and migration of monocyte-macrophage lineage cells., , , Also, macrophages produce inflammatory me

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