• Introduction The first reference to a

  2020-10-29

  

  Introduction The first reference to a possible involvement of orexins in the effects of drugs of abuse appeared in 2003 and showed that orexigenic peptide neurons respond to the chronic administration of morphine followed by abrupt withdrawal symptoms caused by opioid receptor antagonists (Georgesc

• We and others have previously found that supplementation of

  2020-10-29

  

  We and others have previously found that supplementation of old rats with ALCAR remediates the age-related decay in mitochondrial bioenergetics in liver (Hagen et al., 1998a, Hagen et al., 1998b), heart (Paradies et al., 1994, Paradies et al., 1999), muscle (Pesce et al., 2010) and 2801 receptor (Li

• br The modulation of ER from SERMs

  2020-10-29

  

  The modulation of ERα: from SERMs to TSECs Continued efforts to provide women with efficacious menopausal therapies have generated interest in the development of selective gpr44 inhibitor receptor modulators (SERMs). Similar to estrogens, SERMs have been shown to bind to ERs with high affinity, d

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion COX mediat

  2020-10-29

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion COX-2-mediated production of PGE2 is involved in cell growth and metastasis of many cancers. Previous studies indicated that COX-2 was overexpressed in many cancer tissues and that PGE2 increased cancer cell growth, a process that could be suppressed

• In regards to regional variation in metabolic behavior of ad

  2020-10-29

  

  In regards to regional variation in metabolic behavior of adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue transplantation has been shown to reprogram visceral adipose tissue to have subcutaneous-like phenotypic behavior, whereas visceral-to-subcutaneous transplantation does not promote a more detrimenta

• In neurodegenerative disorders neurons are excited by

  2020-10-29

  

  In neurodegenerative disorders neurons are excited by enormous ionic flow which induces mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Glutamate as the main excitatory neurotransmitter, is released excessively in these diseases. Glutamate acts through N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and α-amino-3-hyd

• In the livers mefenamic acid

  2020-10-28

  

  In the livers, mefenamic acid, ibuprofen, and meloxicam significantly reduced expression of both 20-HETE and EETs synthesizing cyp450 genes (ANOVA, p value 0.05, Fig. 6). Control group: The lobular architecture and zonal accentuation in the liver of the control group were well preserved and kept i

• IL is not expressed in

  2020-10-28

  

  IL-8 is not expressed in tissues constitutively because of its strong chemoattractant, proinflammatory, and angiogenic activities. Rather, it is an inducible factor, produced by a variety of cell types, including leukocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells, in response to proinflammato

• Experiment Blunted fear potentiated startle

  2020-10-28

  

  Experiment 2: Blunted fear-potentiated startle due to deficient fear acquisition. SERT+/+ and SERT+/− showed significant acquisition of the cue-shock association, whereas SERT−/− did not (trial×genotype interaction: F2,50=3.3, pand nitric oxide booster of fear-potentiated startle. Acquisition: Fo

• br Methods br Results br Discussion The lowest intra

  2020-10-28

  

  Methods Results Discussion The lowest intra-CeA dose of R278995/CRA0450 that prevented the elevations in insulin signaling pathway reward thresholds associated with nicotine withdrawal was 0.05μg/side (0.1μg total bilateral dose). The total bilateral dose in the present study is 100 times

• Biocytin receptor Magnetic interactions between metal ions a

  2020-10-28

  

  Magnetic interactions between metal ions are usually described by superexchange via intermediate ligands. Although the general principles of the superexchange mechanism are essentially the same for d and f ions, calculations of exchange parameters for lanthanides are more difficult than for transiti

• br Alcohol and the amygdala br Alcohol

  2020-10-28

  

  Alcohol and the amygdala Alcohol and the CRF1 system Given the marked effects of alcohol on inhibitory neurotransmission in the amygdala and the regulation of amygdalar GABAergic activity by CRF and activity at the CRF1 receptor, the CRF system is a logical site for the actions of alcohol in t

• One specific brain region that may be involved in

  2020-10-28

  

  One specific closantel region that may be involved in the reduction of anxiety after anti-SVG-30 treatment is the lateral septum which contains a high density of CRF2 receptors [5], [44]. The lateral septum often exhibits increased immediate early gene expression in response to stress and anxiety [

• Besides being an energy storing tissue adipose tissue acts

  2020-10-28

  

  Besides being an energy storing tissue, adipose tissue acts as an active endocrine organ that secretes a number of biologically active adipokines involved in multiple physiological processes such as inflammation and lipid and glucose metabolism, with direct and indirect effects on reproduction [15,1

• br Results and discussion br

  2020-10-28

  

  Results and discussion Conclusions We have developed a method to produce wildtype and mutant Ric-8A proteins from E. coli that can be phosphorylated at the regulatory protein kinase CK2 phosphosites to near homogeneity. The phosphorylation status and activity of the purified Ric-8A proteins wa

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