• FGF ERK signaling has been

  2021-01-27

  

  FGF/ERK signaling has been implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in a wide range of tissues (Huh et al., 2015, Klein et al., 2006, Rice et al., 2004, Zhang et al., 2006, El Ramy et al., 2005, Volckaert and Langhe, 2015). During embryonic organogenesis and in adult organs, we often observ

• br Conclusion The past few years have witnessed substantial

  2021-01-26

  

  Conclusion The past few years have witnessed substantial progress in understanding the structural mechanisms of substrate recognition and the reactions catalyzed by the O-GlcNAc-cycling enzymes, but more work remains. In particular, future research will be needed to establish how OGT and OGA inte

• br Introduction As a serine proteinase and a sub family

  2021-01-26

  

  Introduction As a serine proteinase and a sub-family of the chymotrypsin-like proteinase, Glutamyl endopeptidase (GE), which is mainly found in Bacillus species, specifically cleaves negatively charged amino liothyronine sodium residues (Glu/Asp) (Yokoi et al., 2001). Madsen et al. (Madsen & Qvi

• In the absence of ligand RNA CARD

  2021-01-26

  

  In the absence of ligand RNA, 2CARD of RIG-I is masked by the intramolecular interaction with the helicase domain, showing auto-repressed state [33], [34]. But upon viral RNA binding, 2CARD of RIG-I is exposed to interact with the CARD domain of MAVS (also known as Cardif, IPS-1 or VISA) on mitochon

• The ubiquitin proteasome system Ub P is the

  2021-01-26

  

  The ubiquitin–proteasome system (Ub–P) is the main cellular machinery for protein turnover in eukaryotic cells (Glickman and Ciechanover, 2002). Degradation by Ub–P involves two steps. Target proteins are selectively, specifically, and covalently attached to ubiquitin (Ub) chains, followed by Ub-tag

• To investigate the role of

  2021-01-26

  

  To investigate the role of DPP-4 inhibition in inflammation-induced bone resorption, we evaluated the effect of a DPP-4 inhibitor on LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone-resorption in vivo. Our results showed that the DPP-4 inhibitor inhibited LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorpti

• br DGKs bind and regulate other signalling proteins

  2021-01-26

  

  DGKs bind and regulate other signalling proteins Based on the evidence noted above, DGKs achieve specificity of function through a combination of post-translational modifications, the availability of cofactors, and through the availability and access to substrate DAG. DGKs appear to achieve an ad

• br Acknowledgement br Introduction Human dihydroorotate

  2021-01-26

  

  Acknowledgement Introduction Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), a flavin-dependent mitochondrial enzyme involved in de novo gdc-0980 biosynthesis, is a validated therapeutic target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and cancer [1], [2], [3]. Lefluno

• Because aspirin and ibuprofen are NSAIDs both cause

  2021-01-26

  

  Because aspirin and ibuprofen are NSAIDs, both cause a variety of adverse effects, including stomach ulcers, stomach bleeding, coagulation disorders, SMIP004 and cerebral microbleeds [13]. Moreover, both cause liver damage [10]. Laster [14] reported a patient with pericarditis treated with aspirin w

• 3787 While lowering the TID exposure of electronics is

  2021-01-26

  

  While lowering the TID exposure of electronics is fairly straightforward, there are other 3787 induced effects that are not as easily mitigated, especially with COTS components. Single Event Effects (SEE) occur when a high-energy particle strikes the active area of an integrated circuit, causing ch

• In brief while previous studies

  2021-01-26

  

  In brief, while previous studies have evaluated the individual roles of VDR and ER signaling pathways in breast cancer, in the present study we performed an in silico approach for comparative evaluation of these pathways. Considering the complex interaction networks in the context of cancer, such co

• Materials and Methods br Results br Discussion

  2021-01-26

  

  Materials and Methods Results Discussion For several decades, the diagnosis of translocation-associated childhood sarcomas with overlapping morphological characteristics has been facilitated by pathognomonic gene fusion detection through RT-PCR or FISH. However, these assays have several shor

• For statistical analysis the Statistical

  2021-01-26

  

  For statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used (version 21.0; SPSSInc., Chicago, IL). Chi-square (x2) exact test was used for the comparison of categorical data, whereas Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for the analysis of nonparametric variables bas

• br STAR Methods br Microenvironmental niches

  2021-01-26

  

  STAR★Methods Microenvironmental niches for naïve and activated B cells Secondary lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, are structurally and functionally compartmentalized to provide a set of microenvironmental niches that support the survival of resting B cells, as well as the a

• Currently multiple clinical trials of

  2021-01-25

  

  Currently, multiple clinical trials of CSF-1/CSF-1R-targeting agents in combination with standard treatment modalities and immunotherapies are underway (Table 1). In particular, results for combinations with checkpoint blockade inhibitors and other immunotherapeutic approaches are eagerly awaited.

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